Levels-of-processing Theory 8D

Levels-of-processing Theory = where by increasing link to the stuff already stored in your long term memory, can increase the ease of retrieval.

Elaborative rehearsal = to attempt to input stuff into long term memory by linking it to stored knowledge.

——————————————-

Ok this is just a way for me to 1) attempt to revise for my exams the following week, and 2) try to distract myself from the nerves for tomorrow xD I know concept is kinda similar to what twin has done before (lolol another blatant copying!) But anything to memorise stupid biopsychology lol.

Hence to all: please just ignore the incoming WOT lolol. Some of the linkages are very lame. You have been warned.

—————————————————————

Ch2: biopsy

Parts of the brain OTL.

Brain got mainly 3 parts = brain stem, limbic system, cerebrum.

Brain stem is the most primeval; sets general alertness level and warning system.

- Medulla – regulates auto basic body functions (eg. breathing)
- Cerebellum – coordinate movement, keeps series of events in order, habitual responses we perform on cue (eg. see sezzy characters = stop breathing)
- Pons – regulation of sleep/dreams (eg. regulates how often one dream of Kanda)
- Reticular formation – controls alertness, monitors incoming sensory info and direct attention to important ones (eg. monitors incoming info of studies and newly-released chapter; will direct attention to important ones ie new chapter)
- Thalamus – relays sensory info, focuses attention (oh look, Gakupo!)

Limbic system; regulates emotions & motivated behavior, so no need just rely on instincts. Also got pleasure centers (8D)

- Hypothalamus – manages internal state of body, by monitoring blood & regulating any imbalances (See a Smexy Dude, start spazzing; hypothalamus will come regulate). Controls pituitary gland (hormones which tend to go haywire due to above example), and hosts some reward circuits (nuff said.)
- Amygdala – involved in emotion and memory; aggression, fear, and other emotion responses (SHE IS STEALING MY KANDA! NUUUUUUU)
- Hippocampus – involved in memory, esp long-term memory and locations of objects (I REMEMBER 5 YEARS AGO YOU TRIED TO STEAL MY ICHIGO RAWR)

Cerebrum (outer layers of which is cerebral cortex)
Has many lobes: Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital.

Frontal lobes; movement (battou), producing speech (Innocence, hatsudo!), abstract thought (lotus.)

- Prefrontal lobes – contributes to our most advanced mental functions (planning, deciding, personality, sense of ‘self’)
- Motor cortex – taking action on our thoughts by sending msgs to motor nerves and onto voluntary muscles (contains upside down map of body parts. Don’t ask.) Got mirror neutrons too, which fire ‘emphathetically. (see kanda D:, one will also D:)

Parietal lobes; specialize in sensation

- Somatosensory cortex (mirrors adjacent strip of motor cortex) – pri processing area for sensations from all over body (another nuff said.)
- In right hemisphere – locate objects in 3D space
- In left hemisphere – locate source of speech, and work with temporal lobe to get meaning from speech & writing (when he said I love you, does he mean he really loves me, he loves me, he loves me a little, or what?)

Temporal lobes
- Auditory cortex – helps make sense of sounds, esp speech (“Yuu!” = anger = DONT CALL ME BY MY FIRST NAME)
- Temporal + visual cortex – recognize face (Alma..!!)
- Temporal + hippocampus – store LTM

Occipital lobes
- Visual cortex – constitutes our moving picture of the world
- Occipital + parital – helps to locate objects in space (Now, where did I last left Timcampy..?)
- Occipital + temporal – produce visual memories (Timu can do it literally lol)

Association cortex:
Every task requires part of the brain to work together; to integrate & interpret info gathered from sensory parts of brain & memory.
(aka Black Order cortex – every mission requires Exorcists to work together, no matter how much they cant stand each other; to integrate & act on info gathered from the Findors.)

Cerebral Dominance:
Tendency of hemispheres to take the lead in diff tasks (seme/uke analogy LOL). They have diff function, but both sides must work together; don’t compete, but make dif contributions to similar tasks.
Left: more analytical & sequential / Right: more holistic, emotionally, spatially

—————————————–

Genes & behavior linked thru evolution – natural selection

Genotype (blueprint, genetic makeup) produce phenotype (resulting structure, physical & behavioral thingums)

4 nucleotides (fits tgt like a zipper; if the protein is needed, will unzip & form template to build protein) [letters] -> make up genes (short segments called DNA) (each specify a single protein) [words] -> makes up 23 pairs of chromosomes [sentences – got specify where each gene begins and ends + commands on what they are supposed to do] -> makes up a cell

Diff species, diff ‘words’, but spelled with same 4 nucleotides

Heredity + environment both have influence on our behavior & mental processes

Internal body communication: through nervous system (fast-acting) & endocrine system (slower, supporting)

How it works:
Nervous system is made up of glial cells (structural support, form myelin sheath) and neurons (bundle = nerves). Types of neurons got sensory (sense organs ->brain), motor (brain->muscles) and interneurons (within brain).

How neurons work: incoming msgs go thru dendrites (net around cell body) to cell body/soma (central part of neuron, contains chromosomes). Soma will read msg, and decide; if decide to cont, will send electrical signal along axon. Initially resting potential is –ve, but energy from +ve ions make it +ve too, then got energy (all-or-none principle). After fire liao, ion pump will flush out excess +ve ions, go back to resting potential.

Msg currently going thru axon -> synapses, to terminal button. Msg in the form of vesticles with neurotransmitter molecules within reach presynaptic membrane, need to cross synaptic cleft thru process of synaptic transmission. Initially msg is electrical in nature, but since cleft is insulator, so need change to chemical msg so can cross.

Vesticles bob over until come into contact with membrane; vesticles pop open, release neurotransmitters to float across cleft and reach receptor sites across the cleft on postsynaptic membrane. Those that fit: stimulate receiving cell, pass msg on. Those that do not fit, too bad. Process of reuptake cause many neurotransmitters to be intercepted and drawn back (to down volume)

Synchronous firing: minority of neurons don’t send chemical msg across; they communicate directly thru electrical synapses (HA). Usually in parts of brain that oversee synchronized activity in a large no. of other neurons. (big boss!)

Types of nervous systems: got central nervous system & peripheral nervous system

CNS got 2 components, brain (voluntary movements) and spinal cord (involuntary reflexes). PNS got autonomic nervous system (unconscious) and somatic nervous system (conscious).

Autonomic one is to communicate with internal organs & glands, and got 2 kinds: arousing & not. Arousing is sympathetic division – fight/flight, tension, quick reaction. The not arousing, boring one is parasympathetic division, in charge of day-to-day stuff – calming.
Somatic one is to communicate with sense organs & voluntary muscles, and surprise surprise, also got 2 kinds: sensory nervous system (afferent – bring to) and motor nervous system (efferent – bring from).

Ok aside from the entire big family of nervous systems and their kakis, also got the endocrine system, which deals with hormones. Its controlled by the pituitary gland, which takes orders from the hypothalamus (don’t think wrong). It controls the body by sending hormone signals to various endocrine glands in the body.

Hormones are chemical msgs (hormones to endocrine system like neurotransmitters to nervous system). Travel in bloodstream, and influence body functions, behaviors, emotions.
Normal mode: endocrine + parasympathetic = for basic body processes
Crisis (core) mode: sympathetic kicks in, endocrine releases adrenalin to sustain.

Nervous system can be affected by psychoactive drugs: got 2 types, agnoists (enhance/mimic neurotransmitters) & antagonists (dampen/inhibit). Got side effects due to neural pathways: diff pathway may use same neurotransmitters for diff functions (lazy). So drug will also affect other unintended areas.

——————————————-

Advertisement

3 Comments

Comments RSS TrackBack Identifier URI